Analysis of the pollution status of paralytic shellfish poisons in shellfish sold in Hainan Province, 2018-2021 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To investigate the pollution of paralytic shellfish poisons (PSP) in shellfish sold in Hainan Province from 2018 to 2021. Methods　From 2018 to 2021, the content of 10 paralytic shellfish poisons including saxitoxin (STX), neosaxitoxin (neoSTX), gonyautoxins 1 (GTX1), gonyautoxins 2 (GTX2), gonyautoxins 3 (GTX3), gonyautoxins 4 (GTX4), gonyautoxins 5 (GTX5), decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX), decarbamoylgonyau toxins 2 (dcGTX2) and decarbamoylgonyau toxins 3 (dcGTX3) in 7 kinds of shellfish commonly sold in 13 cities and counties in Hainan province was analyzed. Results　The detection rate of PSP in 360 shellfish samples was 10.3%. Among them, the highest detection rate of STX was 5.83%, followed by GTX2 detection rate of 4.17%; the detection rate of neoSTX and GTX3 were both 1.67%; the detection rate of GTX1 was 1.39%. None of the five PSP, GTX4, GTX5, dcSTX, dcGTX2 and dcGTX3, were detected. Four types of PSP were detected in fanscallops, two were detected in oysters, mussels and Scapharca subcrenata, only one was detected in scallops, and no toxin contamination was detected in clams and razor clams. A single sample of fanscallops detected a maximum of 4 PSP, and a single sample of oysters, scallops, mussels and Scapharca subcrenata detected a maximum of 1 PSP. The equivalence of PSP in all samples was ND-155.6 μg/kg.The annual detection rate of PSP from high to low was: 20.0% in 2020, 15.6% in 2019, 5.3% in 2018, and 2.0% in 2021, and none of the samples tested exceeded the standard. Continuously detectable STX in 2018-2020, all PSP that could be detected in 2018 were STX. In 2019, in addition to STX detected in scallops and Scapharca subcrenata, neoSTX was also detected in oysters, mussels and Scapharca subcrenata. In 2020, PSP was only detected from scallops, and GTX2 could be detected in all positive specimens, while 5 STX, 5 GTX1 and 6 GTX3 were detected. Only GTX2 detected from scallops in 2021. STX was detected in shellfish sold in 12 cities and counties, GTX2 can be detected in 10 cities and counties, neoSTX can be detected in 5 cities and counties, GTX1 and GTX2 were detected in 4 cities and counties respectively. Shellfish sold in Wenchang and Lingshui markets can detect 5 types of PSP. Conclusion　Some types of shellfish on the market in Hainan are contaminated with some kind of PSP pollution risks, and it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of PSP in marketed shellfish.

A clinical application study of digital manufacturing simple intraoral Gothic arch-tracing device in determining the centric relation of complete dentures / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To verify the consistency between the digital manufacturing simple intraoral Gothic arch-tracing device and the traditional intraoral Gothic arch-tracing device in determining the centric relation of complete dentures restoration.@*METHODS@#Ten outpatients with edentulous jaws were selec-ted, and the centric relation of the patients was determined by digital manufacturing of simple intraoral Gothic arch-tracing device (T1) and traditional intraoral Gothic arch-tracing device (T2); the difference of clinical operation time between the two methods was recorded; the upper and lower edentulous jaw plaster models were scanned with two kinds of centric relation, the Standard Triangle Language (STL) files imported into Geomagic studio software to apply the best fitting of multiple points of the both upper jaw models, the fitted STL files imported into the 3 shape viewer software, and the maximum position deviations of the vertical, labial (buccal) and lingual directions of the mandibular midline area and molar areas in T1 and T2 groups measured. During the clinical complete dentures try-in, we observed whether there was midline deviation in the mouth of T1 group and T2 group, and whether the occlusion of posterior teeth was stable or not.@*RESULTS@#The mean time spent on determining the centric relation of T1 and T2 groups was (41.90±2.64) min, (57.50±2.37) min respectively. Paired t test was conducted in the two groups, P < 0.01 with significant statistical difference; The mean maximum position deviation between T1 group and T2 group of the midline mandibular region in labial lingual direction was (0.32±0.14) mm, that was (0.40±0.23) mm in vertical direction; the mean maximum position deviation of molar area in buccal lingual direction was (0.35±0.23) mm and that was (0.33±0.20) mm in vertical direction. In the vertical and horizontal directions, the maximum position deviation of mandibles between group T1 and group T2 was controlled within 0.5 mm. In the process of clinical complete dentures try-in, there was no deviation from the center line of dentures. There was not warping, swinging and other poor stability phenomena in T1 and T2 groups.@*CONCLUSION@#The digital manufacturing of simple intraoral Gothic arch-tracing device can be used to determine the centric relation of complete dentures, which can not only save time of clinical operation, but also ensure the accuracy of the centric relation.

Effect of arachidonic acid cytochrome P450ω hydroxylase Cyp4a14 gene knockout on skeletal muscle regeneration after injury / 生理学报

The objective of this study was to explore the roles of arachidonic acid cytochrome P450ω hydroxylase CYP4A14 in skeletal muscle regeneration after injury. Wild-type (WT) control mice and Cyp4a14 knockout (A14

Loss of MicroRNA-137 Impairs the Homeostasis of Potassium in Neurons via KCC2

Neuropsychiatric disorders are the leading cause of mental and intellectual disabilities worldwide. Current therapies against neuropsychiatric disorders are very limited, and very little is known about the onset and development of these diseases, and their most effective treatments. MIR137 has been previously identified as a risk gene for the etiology of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. Here we generated a forebrain-specific MIR137 knockout mouse model, and provided evidence that loss of miR-137 resulted in impaired homeostasis of potassium in mouse hippocampal neurons. KCC2, a potassium-chloride co-transporter, was a direct downstream target of miR-137. The KCC2 specific antagonist VU0240551 could balance the current of potassium in miR-137 knockout neurons, and knockdown of KCC2 could ameliorate anxiety-like behavior in MIR137 cKO mice. These data suggest that KCC2 antagonists or knockdown might be beneficial to neuropsychiatric disorders due to the deficiency of miR-137.

Analysis on the consciousness of the early cancer diagnosis and its related factors among urban residents in China from 2015 to 2017 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To understand the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis among urban residents and identify the related factors from 2015 to 2017.@*Methods@#A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The general demographic characteristics, the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis (whether people would have a willingness or encourage their relatives/friends to confirm the abnormal results once which were detected from the physical examination) and other information were collected by using the self-designed questionnaire. The non-conditional logistic regression model was used to identify the relateol factors related to the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis.@*Results@#As for residents with abnormal result from the physical examination, 89.29% (28 802) of residents would choose to seek medical treatment for further diagnosis. If their relatives/friends had abnormal results from the physical examination, 89.55% (28 886) of residents would encourage their relatives/friends to confirm the diagnosis in time. The non-conditional logistic regression model analysis showed that compared with the public institution staff/civil servants, annual household income less than 20 000 CNY, the western region and the cancer risk assessment/screening intervention population, the company staff, annual household income about 40 000 CNY and more, and the residents from the middle and eastern region had a stronger consciousness to seek further diagnosis; while the unemployed residents and community residents were less likely to seek further diagnosis (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#From 2015 to 2017, the Chinese urban residents had a good consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis. Occupation, annual household income, residential region and population group were related to the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis.

Office blood pressure combined with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in hypertension diagnosis / 预防医学

Objective@#To evaluate the effects of office blood pressure(OBP)combined with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring(ABPM)on the diagnosis of hypertension.@*Methods@#The residents aged 35-79 years without hypertension history,whose casual OBP were 120~159 mm Hg/80~99 mm Hg,were enrolled from 4 communities of Hangzhou and Zhuji from 2015 to 2018. They were performed OBP measurements on other two days in 4 weeks and ABPM in a week. There were 2 criteria of OBP as elevated OBP on the first day or in 3 different days,and 4 criteria of ABPM as elevated mean BP in 24 hours, daytime, nighttime and either of the above time. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was employed to evaluate the effects of different OBP criteria combined with ABPM criteria on the diagnosis of masked hypertension(MH)and white-coat hypertension(WCH).@* Results@#Taking 3-day-OBP as a golden standard,the 1-day-OBP with 4 ABPM criteria had the areas under the ROC curve(AUC)of 0.79-0.81,sensitivity of 57.58%-62.77% and specificity of 100.00% in MH;had the AUC of 0.95-0.98,sensitivity of 100.00% and specificity of 88.96%-96.80% in WCH. The Kappa values were all less than 0.6,known as low consistency. Taking either time of ABPM as a golden standard,24 hours,daytime and nighttime ABPM criteria with OBP had the AUC of 0.90-0.92,sensitivity of 79.17%-83.90% and specificity of 100.00% in MH(all Kappa>0.6),when with 1-day-OBP,the Kappa values were all more than 0.8,known as high consistency;had the AUC of 0.95-1.00,sensitivity of 100.00% and specificity of 89.54%-99.37% in WCH,the Kappa values of daytime ABPM were all more than 0.6,known as high consistency. @* Conclusions @# If limited by options, 1-day-OBP could be used instead of 3-day-OBP for detection of WCH or exclusion of MH yet with less accuracy; 24 hours or daytime ABPM instead of either time of ABPM was reliable.

Detection of Pseudorabies Virus Antibodies in Human Encephalitis Cases / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Pseudorabies virus (PRV), a veterinary pathogen that infects domestic animals as well as wild animals such as wild boar and feral swine, was recently reported to infect human and led to endophthalmitis and encephalitis. A retrospective seroepidemiologic survey was conducted using 1,335 serum samples collected from patients with encephalitis and ELISA positive rates were 12.16%, 14.25%, and 6.52% in 2012, 2013, and 2017, respectively. The virus neutralizing antibody titers of positive samples correlated well with ELISA results. The pseudorabies virus antibody positive rate of patients with encephalitis were higher than that of healthy people in 2017. The above results suggest that some undefined human encephalitis cases may be caused by PRV infection.

Traditional Application of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus, a traditional Chinese medicine with dual-purpose of drug and food, has a long history of cultivation and application, showing high medicinal, dietetic, ornamental and economic values. Many modern researches have been conducted on the extraction technology, chemical constituents, quality standards and biological activities, but the herbal textual researches were relatively insufficient. The related records of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus in the ancient Chinese medicinal classics were ambiguous and confusing. By referring to ancient Chinese medicinal classics and modern books, the textual researches of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus, including the names, plant morphology, origin, medicinal properties, efficiency and application were systematically reviewed and analyzed in this paper, in order to provide the basis for the confirmation of original source of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus. The results showed that Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus was usually recorded as ‘Xiangyuan’ ‘Juyuan’ ‘Ganyuan’ ‘Xiangyuan’ ‘Foshougan’ etc. in ancient books. After the Ming and Qing dynasties, it became clear that ‘Xiangyuan’ was equivalent to ‘Juyuan’, but different from ‘Foshougan’. Therefore, these two species were recorded separately. From the ancient times to the present day, Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus was always mainly distributed in south of the Yangtze River, such as Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Jiangxi provinces. Ancient records and modern reports basically have the same understanding on properties, efficacies and indications of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus, considering it was warm in nature with the effectiveness of soothing liver, relieving pain, eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm. ‘Baking it into powder on new tiles’ and ‘steaming’ were the traditional processing methods. The description of ‘The longer of storage period, the better of the effect’ was occasionally recorded. These results provide theoretical references for the further study, resource development and comprehensive application of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus.

Chemical Compositions and Pharmacological Activities of Polygoni Multiflori Radix / 中国实验方剂学杂志

As a common tonic traditional Chinese medical herb,Polygoni Multiflori Radix has been extensively applied in clinic. In recent years,there have been many literatures related to Polygoni Multiflori Radix. By reviewing the literatures in domestic and foreign,the latest progress on chemical components and pharmacology of Polygoni Multiflori Radix have been summarized and analyzed. At present,more than 133 kinds of compounds have been isolated from Polygoni Multiflori Radix, such as stilbene glycosides,terpenoids,flavonoids,phospholipids and phenylpropanoids. Among them, stilbene dimer and dianthrone glycosides are two kind of new compounds recently isolated from it. The current researches about the pharmacological effect of Polygoni Multiflori Radix focus on anti-oxidative,anti-tumor,anti-atherosclerosis and neuro-protective effects,with potentials in treating neurodegenerative diseases, preventing and treating arterial and reducing blood sugar. Its medicinal ingredients mainly include stilbene glycosides,terpenoids and flavonoids,in which 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxysilbene 2-O-glucopyranoside shows a variety of biological activities. However,there are a few studies on the pharmacological activities of other compounds. Therefore,to ensure the further development and utilization of Polygoni Multiflori Radix,it is suggested to conduct a more in-depth and comprehensive research on the material basis of its efficacy.

Quality evaluation of Desmodium styracifolium by fingerprint, pattern recognition combined with quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker / 中国中药杂志

HPLC analysis was performed on a Phenomenex PS C₁₈（4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm）column using methanol -0.2% formic acid (30:70) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL·min⁻¹. The column temperature was 30 °C and the detection wavelength was set at 335 nm. The injection volume was 10 μL. The HPLC fingerprint of Desmodium styracifolium was established with 10 common peaks, and 5 of them were identified as vicenin-1, schaftoside, isoorientin, isoschaftoside and isovitexin, respecivetly. The fingerprints of 21 batches of D. styracifolium samples were analyzed with similarity evaluation, cluster analysis, principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. There was no significant difference among the quantitative results of these five ingredients verified by external standard method (ESM) and quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS) method. The application of fingerprint, pattern recognition combined with QAMS can provide more comprehensive references for the quality control and evaluation of D. styracifolium.

Influence of intraoral scan and dental cast scan on occlusal quantitative analysis of virtual dental model / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To make more accurate occlusal quantitative analysis of three-dimensional (3D) virtual dental models and to compare the occlusal contact obtained by intraoral and dental cast scan.@*METHODS@#In this study, 5 subjects were intraoral scanned using laser scanner (3 shapes, Germany) to obtain the 3D virtual models of one tooth (the first molar), two teeth (the second premolar and the first molar), three teeth (the premolars and the first molar) and their opposite teeth, respectively. The silicone impressions were made and dental stone models were poured for each of them. The dental casts were scanned and then they were fixed to the maximum intercuspal position with a special locating jig for a rescanning of occlusal position. The virtual models taken intraorally and obtained with dental cast scan were introduced to a 3D quantitative analysis system, and some criteria regarding to occlusal contact were calculated and analyzed. The occlusal criteria were mean values of occlusal clearance space between the upper and lower occlusal surface (clearance), occlusal contact area (area), and cusp inclination (angle) of the mandibular first molar. Paired t tests were used to evaluate differences of occlusal criteria between the virtual models obtained with the intraoral scan and dental cast scan (α=0.05).@*RESULTS@#The mean values of occlusal clearance of one to three teeth obtained by way of intraoral scan were smaller than those obtained by way of cast scan by 0.134 mm, 0.177 mm, and 0.207 mm, respectively. While the occlusal contact areas were greater than the cast scan by 8.65 mm2, 10.28 mm2, and 11.46 mm2. No statistically significant differences were found between the cusps inclinations obtained with the two scanning methods, and the interclass correlations were high.@*CONCLUSION@#Occlusal clearance obtained by intraoral scan was less than that by cast scan while the occlusal contact area was greater than the latter, indicating that intraoral occlusal contact was closer. The difference of the standard deviations of occlusal clearance measured by the two methods were small and that of occlusal contact area was influenced by the number of teeth scanned intraorally. There was no statistical difference in cusp inclination between the two methods.

Wear intensity and surface roughness of microhybrid composite and ceramic occlusal veneers on premolars after the thermocycling and cyclic mechanical loading tests / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the wear intensity and surface roughness of occlusal veneers on premolars made of microhybrid composite resin or two kinds of ceramics in vitro after the thermocycling and cyclic mechanical loading tests.@*METHODS@#In the study,24 fresh extracted human premolars without root canal treatment were prepared (cusps reduction of 1.5 mm in thickness to simulate middle to severe tooth wear, the inclinations of cusps were 20°). The prepared teeth were restored with occlusal veneers made of three different materials: microhybrid composite, heat-pressed lithium disilicate ceramic and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) lithium disilicate ceramic in the thickness of 1.5 mm. The occlusal veneers were cemented with resin cement. The specimens were fatigued using the thermocycling and cyclic mechanical loading tests after being stored in water for 72 h. The wear of specimens was measured using gypsum replicas and 3D laser scanner before and after the thermocycling and cyclic mechanical loading tests and the mean lost distance (mm) was used to indicate the level of wear. The surfaces of occlusal contact area were observed and the surface roughness was recorded using 3D laser scanning confocal microscope before and after the fatigue test. Differences between the groups were compared using ONE-way ANOVA(P<0.05).@*RESULTS@#All the specimens successfully survived after the thermocycling and cyclic mechanical loading tests. The mean wear of microhybrid composite group, heat-pressed lithium disilicate ceramic group, and CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramic group was (-0.13±0.03) mm, (-0.05±0.01) mm and (-0.05±0.01) mm, the wear of microhybrid composite was significantly higher than the two ceramic groups(P<0.001).The mean surface roughness(Ra)before the fatigue test was(1.24±0.20) μm, (0.75±0.09) μm, (0.73±0.14) μm and it became (1.81±0.24) μm, (1.53±0.26) μm and (1.77±0.23) μm after the test . Before the fatigue test, the surface roughness of microhybrid composite was significantly higher than the two ceramic groups(P<0.001) and after the test, the surface roughness of heat-pressed lithium disilicate ceramic was significantly lower than microhybrid composite(P=0.005) and CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramic (P=0.010).@*CONCLUSION@#From the view of wear speed, microhybrid composite was significantly higher than the two kinds of ceramics, but it was similar to enamel when the opposing tooth was natural. The surface roughness before the themocycling and cyclic mechanical loading test of microhybrid composite was significantly higher than that of the two ceramic groups. After the test, the surface roughness of heat-pressed ceramic was significantly lower than that of the other two groups. From the view of surface roughness, heat-pressed ceramic has more advantage.

Research on Disability Weights of Disease Burden: A New Approach Based on Inpatient Expenditure Comparison / 中国卫生经济

Objective:New approach and new methods on measuring disability weights of disease burden was developed and disability weights of diseases and injuries were calculated based on the sample of inpatient expenditure data in Beijing.Methods:Based on the inpatient medical records data of tertiary hospitals in Beijing from 2015-2017,diseases and injuries were classified according to the diagnosis and personal characteristics.Average expenditure of different diseases and injuries was calculated and relative disability weights were computed using the highest inpatient cost as the reference benchmark.The new methodology was developed for computing the relative weights of different diseases and injuries in burden of disease.Pearson correlation analysis was performed to test the consistency of the results.Results:The samples of 6.36 million inpatient medical records were analyzed and disability weights of 385 diseases and injuries were calculated with the results ranging from 0.020 to 0.995.The correlation coefficient between the results of 2012-2014 was 0.90.The results were consistent with the findings in other disability weights research,which made the classification of diseases and injuries more refined,reached to the most detailed classification level of diseases and injuries.Conclusions:The new approach was objective,simple,stable and repeatable with the low cost.It provided an innovative method for disability weights measurement.This was the first research to achieve the disability weights table of different diseases and injuries and it presented the key parameters for the research of burden of disease not only for China but also the other countries and regions.Furthermore,the new approach could be served as the significant reference for other countries and regions around the world to develop localized disability weights.

Quantitative Study on the Development of Basic Medical Insurance Schemes in China: A Mixed Model Based on Universal Health Coverage / 中国卫生经济

Objective:Based on the perspective of Universal Health Coverage(UHC),a mathematical model was developed to conduct quantitative study on the development status of Basic Medical Insurance Schemes(BMIS) in China.Methods:A mixed model was developed to conduct quantitative study on the development of BMIS in the period of 2003-2015 from five dimensions:coverage of population,benefit package,reimbursement rate,risk pooling level and unity of the schemes.Sensitivity analysis was also performed.Results:The UHC scores for BMIS in China from 2003 to 2015 fluctuated obviously.Given the range of 0-100 percent,the UHC score in 2003 was 52.2％,28.5％ in 2006,23.9％ in 2010 and 26.5％ in 2015.The integration and equalization of BMIS and scaling up the risk pooling levels were shown to contribute significantly to UHC.Conclusion:The construction of mixed models was developed to provide a new calculation assessment tool for measuring the UHC,which consisted of completed evaluation tool package with addition model and multiplication model.Considering the future development of UHC,there is a still long way to go for BMIS in China.Emphases should be given to integration and equalization of BMIS as well as scaling up the risk polling to provincial and national level.

Natural history of breast cancer: a systematic review of worldwide randomized controlled trials of mammography screening / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To parameterize the 1-year transition probabilities between different health status of the natural history of breast cancer based on the data of randomized controlled trial of X-ray mammography screening worldwide.@*Methods@#Based on the breast cancer screening randomized controlled trials defined by a mammography screening review from the Cochrane 2013 and the International Agency for Research on Cancer, a systematic review was initiated in PubMed by searching names of the key investigators of the trials, combined with the diseases, screening intervention and outcome indicators. If applicable, all the original cumulative incidence rates were converted into one-year transition rate, using the life-table approach considering time length of follow-up.@*Results@#A total of 23 reports from 9 RCTs were included. The data on transition rate between the healthy status to precancerous lesions was absent. The 1-year transition rate from health to carcinoma in situ was 17.78 to 50.21 per 100 000 persons in the intervention group and 9.16 to 26.84 per 100 000 persons in the control group. Correspondingly, the 1-year transition rate from health to breast cancer (including carcinoma in situ and invasive cancer) were estimated as 143.75 to 316.97 per 100 000 persons in the intervention group, and 141.45 to 288.84 per 100 000 persons in the control group. Furthermore, the transition rate from the healthy status to invasive breast cancer was 159.79 to 264.60 per 100 000 persons in intervention group and 170.12 to 255.33 per 100 000 persons in control group. The transition rate from carcinoma in situ to invasive breast cancer varied among different pathological types.@*Conclusions@#The most common natural history states of reported by the included trials involved the full healthy status, carcinoma in situ and invasive breast cancer. The findings of transition rates between different health statuses will be informative for future model development of natural history studies of breast cancer. Information in relation to breast precancerous lesions still limited and needs to be further addressed.

Isolation, purification and anti-oxidant activity of polysaccharides from Acanthopanax trifoliatus / 中草药

Objective To extract, isolate and purify the polysaccharides from Acanthopanax trifoliatus (ATP), determine the monosaccharide composition and molecular weight distribution of ATP, and evaluate its anti-oxidant activity in vitro. Methods ATPs were prepared by water extraction ethanol precipitation. Sevage deproteinization, DEAE-cellulose 52, and Sephadex G-50 column chromatography were applied for the further isolation and purification of polysaccharides. Then, the monosaccharide composition and mean molecular mass of ATP were analyzed by HPLC and HPGPC. The antioxidant activity of ATP was evaluated through the scavenging capabilities of DPPH∙, ABTS+∙, ∙OH and O[a formular is presented] free radicals. Results A neutral homogeneous polysaccharide (ATP1-1) and two acidic polysaccharides (ATP2 and ATP3) were obtained by column chromatography. According to the HPLC analysis, ATP1-1 consists of glucose, galactose, mannose and rhamnose. ATP2 consists of glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, mannose, and rhamnose. ATP3 was composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose. ATP1-1 with the average molecular mass of 2 310, had obvious effect on scavenging ability of DPPH∙, ABTS+∙, ∙OH and O[a formular is presented] free radicals, with IC50 values of 0.042 4, 0.007 9, 2.313 6, and 1.753 0 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion ATP1-1 displayed obvious anti-oxidant activity with a good dose-effect relationship.

Quality of life and influential factors in patients with esophagus cancer and precancerosis / 肿瘤

Objective: To investigate the situation and influential factors of quality of life (QoL) in patients with esophagus cancer and precancerosis, aimed at providing evidences for valid QoL promotion measures. Methods: QoLs of patients with esophagus cancer and precancerosis were measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Esophageal (FACT-E). The influences of social demography, clinical features and time point of treatment on QoL were analyzed. Results: The average score of standardized FACT-E was 70.82± 1.33. The general part was 71.58±1.40 and the specific part was 69.62±1.54. QoL was significantly influenced by clinical stage, type of therapy and time point of the treatment (all P < 0.05). QoL became worse with the progression of the clinical stage. Patients treated with radiotherapy had relatively better QoL than other types of therapy (P < 0.05). Compared with only surgery, a combination therapy of surgery and chemotherapy showed significantly higher QoL (P < 0.05). The worst QoL was observed at the time point when the primary treatment was completed (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment is regarded as an effective method to improve the QoL of patients with esophagus cancer and precancerosis. QoL is recommended to take into consideration during the therapy selection.

Research on distribution and quality suitability division of Desmodium styracifolium / 中国中药杂志

The research on distribution and quality suitability division of Desmodium styracifolium were formulated by Maxent and ArcGIS model based on the content of schaftoside and polysaccharide of D. styracifolium and its field research in the south and southwest areas of China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Yunnan), and the most suitable habitats of distribution suitability and quality suitability were screened. The distribution suitability results indicated that average air temperature in April,mean temperature of coldest quarter, soil type, coldness index were found as the four dominant factors contributing to the plant distribution. The quality suitability results indicated that: ①Polysaccharide content and precipitation in April show significant positive correlation;Schaftoside content and mean temperature of April, mean temperature of coldest quarter show significant negative correlation. Schaftoside content shows significant negative correlation with the precipitation in October and November and the sunshine duration in April and May, while there is a significant positive correlation between schaftoside content and precipitation in April and temperature seasonality standard deviation, and a highly significant positive correlation was found between schaftoside content and precipitation in February and March. ②The quality zoning map was drawn depend on general content of polysaccharide and schaftoside as the index of quality. And this research provides scientific location basis for the production regionalization, cultivation bases selection and directive breeding of D. styracifolium.

Association of Insulin Resistance and β Cell Function with Lipid Metabolism in Middle-aged and Elderly Hui and Han Populations / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the association of insulin resistance and β cell function with lipid metabolism in middle-aged and elderly Hui and Han populations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 1000 subjects age over 40 years were recruited from five urban communities in Yinchuan and Wuzhong cities of Ningxia. The composition ratio between Hui and Han nationality was 1:2. A questionnaire-based survey was performed. Physical examinations were carried out to measure the height, body mass, waistline, and hipline. The levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), blood uric acid (BUA), fasting blood glucose and insulin were measured. The boby mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and secretion related index including insulin resistance index (IR), insulin sensitivity index (IAI), and beta cell function index (HBCI) were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The BMI, WHR, IAI, HBCI, and the prevalence rate of diabetes in Hui nationality were significantly higher than those in Han nationality (P<0.01). The levels of BUA, fasting blood glucose, TC, and IR in Han nationality were significantly lower than those in Hui nationality (P<0.01). In Hui populations, TG, BMI, WHR, and BUA were positively correlated with IR (r=0.234, r=0.193, r=0.143, and r=0.129, respectively; P<0.01) and were negatively correlated with IAI (r=-0.234, r=-0.193, r=-0.143, r=-0.129, respectively; P<0.01), whereas TC was negatively correlated with HBCI (r=-0.169, P<0.01). In Han populations, TC, TG, BMI, WHR, and BUA were positively correlated with IR (r=0.140, r=0.257, r=0.288, r=0.163, r=0.104, P<0.01) and negatively correlated with IAI (r=-0.140, r=-0.257, r=-0.288, r=-0.163, and r=-0.104, P<0.01), whereas BMI was negatively correlated with HBCI (r=-0.111, P<0.01). After the influential factors such as gender, nationality, and age were adjusted, the TC, TG, BMI, WHR, BUA levels were positively correlated with IR (r=0.109, r=0.256, r=0.253, r=0.139, and r=0.142, P<0.01) and negatively correlated with IAI (r=-0.109, r=-0.256, r=-0.253, r=-0.139, and r=-0.142, P<0.01). TC and BMI were negatively correlated with HBCI (r=-0.113, r=-0.086, P<0.01). TG and BMI were independently associated with IR and IAI (r=0.218, r=0.182, r=-0.218, r=-0.182), while TC and BMI were independently associated with HBCI (r=-0.113, r=-0.086).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The distributions of TC, TG, BMI, WHR, BUA, IR, IAI, and HBCI differ between Han and Hui populations. The development of insulin resistance is closely related with the increased levels of TC, TG, BMI, WHR, and BUA. However, the HBCI increases with the increased level of TC and BMI. TG and BMI may be related with insulin resistance. Also, TC and BMI may affect the secretion function of β cells.</p>

The Main Biological Hazards in Animal Biosafety Level 2 Facilities and Strategies for Control / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Concern about the biological hazards involved in microbiological research, especially research involving laboratory animals, has increased in recent years. Working in an animal biosafety level 2 facility (ABSL-2), commonly used for research on infectious diseases, poses various biological hazards. Here, the regulations and standards related to laboratory biosafety in China are introduced, the potential biological hazards present in ABSL-2 facilities are analyzed, and a series of strategies to control the hazards are presented.